• Leon Scott's 1857 phonautograph: the first machine to record sound.  See also The Phonautograph by Édouard-Léon Scott ( de Martinville ), a definition of Phonoautograph and a picture of AGB's version of a Phonautograph.
• A "manometric flame" as a detector in Koenig's Acoustic Interferometer.  See also The triumph of experimental acoustics: Marloye and Koenig and König-style rotating mirror with manometrically (controlled) flame.
• Alexander Graham Bell's Path to the Telephone: deals with the evolution of AGB's concept of sound visualization and telephony.
• Professor Dayton Miller's Research in Acoustics (or here): a wonderful capsulation of pre-electronic era acoustics research at the Case School of Applied Sciences (a senior project!!).  Of particular interest is Miller's 1909 sound visualization invention, the "phonodiek" (from roots meaning "to show sound") and a series of flame manometer pictures of voice sounds.
   
• Speech Visualisation Tutorial: an interactive speech tutorial from the School of Psychology, Leeds University.
• Sound Visualization materials prepared for Harvard's Communication Systems and Technology.
   

 back to : Links >>Communication fundamentals