General info ( 255 ) :
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General lighting technology articles
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A History of Light and Lighting
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Don Klipstein's lighting articles - bulbs, fluorescent, gas
discharge lamps, LEDs, xenon flash
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How Light Works
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inter.Light - internet source for lighting specifiers,
lighting manufacturers by product categories
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Lighting Fundamentals - lighting upgrade manual from US EPA
Office of Air and Radiation
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Lighting Fundamentals - lighting upgrade manual
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Light Measurement Handbook
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Light Pollution Awareness Website
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Publications by Radiant Imaging Personnel - information on
lighting measurements
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Show your 'true colours' - Seeing the objects lit as the
wrong colour is one of the most unsettling effects of bad
lighting, and one of the easiest to overcome. Newer, high
quality lamps show the 'true colour' of things far more
accurately and offer excellent lighting design and upgrade
opportunities for people in the lighting business.
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The Lighting Library - index of lighting related reference
documents that you can read online
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The Lighting Resource Articles - wide variety of lighting
articles
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Tietoa valaistuksesta - information on lighting in Finnish
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Ultraviolet Radiation - ultraviolet radiation, invisible
electromagnetic radiation between visible violet light and X
rays; it ranges in wavelength from about 400 to 4 nanometers. It
is a component (less than 5%) of the sun's radiation and is also
produced artificially in arc lamps, e.g., in the mercury arc
lamp. The ultraviolet radiation in sunlight is divided into
three bands: UVA (320-400 nanometers), UVB (280-320 nanometers)
and UVC (below 280 nanometers).
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Valaisinten kotelointiluokat ja k�ytt�paikat -
information on lighting equipment environmental protection
classes in Finnish
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Valaistustekniikka - lighting technology information in
Finnish
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Voltage and Lamp Flicker Issues: Should the IEEE Adopt the IEC
Approach?
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World Lighting Links - categorized index of useful lighting
sites on the Internet
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http://www.epanorama.net/counter.php?url=http://www.on-light.de/-
site about light, lamps and lighting architecture, text in
German
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Outside lighting information
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Light Pollution Information - Light can pollute the outdoor
environment and wash away the view of stars in the sky. This
curable problem and can be prevented through the application of
well designed and applied outdoor lighting.
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The Dark Side of Light - Although light pollution?s impact
on stargazing is as clear as day, its effects on other
environmental elements are just coming into focus. The evidence
shows that artificial lighting has dire consequences for animal
behavior, particularly on the ability to navigate at night.
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Home and workplace lighting info
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General
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Wiring and installing
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Low voltage halogen lighting
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TV studio and location lighting
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10 most important things to know about lights - information
on video lighting
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Basic Technologues of Lighting for Video - In order to
produce a high-quality result, lighting designers must have an
understanding of video lighting techniques to meet the
challenges of this technology. This article will cover a full
range of techniques for video lighting design, from the simple
parish with one camcorder, to broadcast-quality design.
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Chroma Key Lighting - popular cure-all seems to be the
proper lighting of your chroma-key blue wall
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Creating a Low Cost Fluorescent Lighting System - right kind
of fluorescent light system can be used in video studio
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Filter Facts - information on filtered light for film and
video
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How-to info & books for videographers - articles on
camcoders, lenses, lighting, batteries, tripods, audio, video
and studio design
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Lighting Considerations for A/V or Video Teleconferencing Rooms
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Society of Television Lighting Directors - lighting tips,
DMX512, lighting info
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Solving Mercury Vapor Lighting Problems - shooting under
mercury vapor lights can play havoc with your camcorders color
balance
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Disco lighting
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Stage and show lighting
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General
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ABTT Discussions - discussion forums on stage technology
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ADC Theatre Lexicon
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Color Media - This page has information on lighting gels.
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Dichroic Filters and Glass Gobos in Entertainment Lighting
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DMX512.com, the Entertainment Technology Website
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Entertainment Technology Online! - community web site for
lighting people
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How to: Tech - This is a collection of documents on
electrics, fire effect, painting, rigging, water on stage,
workign drawing, sewing, sound and effects
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Light Board Basics - Basic console knowledge is always
useful. It can help you choose a console, get started on
operating your existing board while you're seeking information
about its more advanced functions.
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Lighting Design
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Lighting Guide - DMX and patching
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Lighting Instrument Trouble Shooting Procedure - Carry out
this procedure before the focusing session with the lighting
designer.
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Managing a Major Production - The most important part of
managing a major production is to have a plan and to start the
planning process early. Six months in advance of the
production date is not too early.
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Moving Lights.com - The Moving Light Resource by Ross
Williams is designed to provide detailed and accurate
information about Moving Lights and Controllers. Every fixture
you can think of (and quite a few you can't!) is covered in
detail in the reference section on the site, along with moving
light consoles and a comprehensive list of links to
manufacturers, dealers, and other related sites.
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Remote Control of Lighting: An Overview - article from
Lighting for Entertainment 1963-64
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Stage Lighting - Today, there are dozens of choices a
gigging musician can make about light fixtures. This article
tells the basics. This article has some nice pictures also.
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Stage Lighting Basics
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Stage Lighting Design
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Stage Lighing Introduction
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Stage Lighting Tech Pages - This site contain links to the
sites of equipment maunfacturers, hire companies,
organisations and other sites on the internet dedicated to
lighting.
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Stage Lighting Technical Tips
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Theatrical Lighting Basics - This set of web pages has
information on color, lighting control systems, communication
systems, electricity, special effects and sound.
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The Search For the Perfect Lighting Control Console - What
features and architecture would combine ultimate flexibility,
ease of use and full moving light capabilities all in one
desk? Most people would agree that the "perfect console" does
not currently exist, but there are lots of good consoles out
there.
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The story of an "Industry Standard" - First there was the
aluminum Par 64 Lantern and then came other popular lights,
article with good drawings
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The Strand Archive - journey through the history of Strand
Stage Lighting, also at
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TLS Technical Library - many usefu lighting documents
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WPI Technical Theatre Handbook: Lighting - Stage lighting
is often surrounded by a thick and impenetrable veil of
mystery, which is due, undoubtedly, to lack of knowledge of
both the limits and potentialities of the problem.
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Glossaries
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Glossary of Lighting Terms
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Glossary of theatrical terms
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Glossary of technical theatre terms - Biggest Theatre
Glossary on the Web
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Roadie Lingo
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Rock and Roll Lighting Glossary of Terms
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Technical Glossary of Theatre Terms
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Tech Pages Glossary - This glossary describes stage
lighting terms. THere are currently over 300 word described,
some with pictures also.
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Theatrical Lighting Glossary
Handbooks and training manuals
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Basic Design Theories for Theatrical Lighting, and it's
Application - This pamphlet, created by Dean A. Sternke
of Mainstage Theatrical Supply, Inc., provides basic
information on theatrical lighting, and includes drawings
and descriptions/photos of equipment used for production
lighting. This pamplet contains basic information on
lighting theory and the equipment necessary to fulfill this
theory for the design of theatrical style lighting in
multi-purpose facilities including: theaters, churches, and
other performance spaces. This updated brochure includes the
article "Lighting noise in your Sanctuary".
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Guide to Life - The 'Guide to Life'is intended to be a
useful introduction to drama in Cambridge, how it works and
how to get involved. It is also a useful introduction to
working backstage at the ADC Theatre.
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High School Tech Production - tutorial manual for Design
& Technical Production for High School Show
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Lighting Design - The intent of this set of documents is
two-fold: first, to provide a concise introduction to the
theory and practice of lighting design; and second, to
provide references and resources for practical use and
further study.
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Stage Lighting I - Source material on-line.
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Student Production Handbook - Created and Updated by the
Faculty and Staff of The Winona State University The
Department of Theatre and Dance
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WPI Technical Theatre Handbook
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WPI Technical Theatre Handbook: Lighting
Organizations
Safety
Wiring
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10 pin Harting
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12-Circuit Pin-out - The standard wiring of 12-circuit
cables using "Pyle" type 37-pin, 20 Amp connectors.
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16-pin Harting (Lectriflex) Pinout
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16-pin Lectriflex Pinout
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19 pin Socapex - please note that there are 6 circuit
and 8 circuit wirings for this connector in use
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19-pin Socapex/CEEP Connector Pinout
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19-pin Socapex Vari*lite APS trunk multicores
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37 pin Pyle
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6-Circuit Connector Pinout - The standard wiring of
6-circuit cables using 19 pin Socapex compatible connectors.
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8 pin Bulgin Pinout - There is more than one "standard"
for this connector! Please be very careful.
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Ampacity Ratings for Feeder Cable - as used in USA
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Ampacity/Electrical "Legality" Questions
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Bulgin - Disco power connector pinout - This is a
commonly used 8 pin connector on small disco light systems
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Bulgin connectors wiring - These 8 pin multipole
connectors dominate the low cost and disco marketplace in
the UK. They are rated at 5A per pin, with a total plug load
of 6A. The connectors are a bit unusual in that they come in
two mateable varieties, a cable connector and a chassis
connector (cable plugs do not mate with cable plugs). Either
connector can be the source or load end. The biggest
nightmare is that there are a number of different wiring
schemes adopted by various manufacturers, making the
interconnection of differing equipment problemsome.
Fortunately the earth pin is separate from the power pins,
and so it is most unlikely that misconnection will cause a
shock hazard.
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Cable Amperage Guide - ratings used in USA
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Cable Specifications - what the heck is SO, SJO, SC
cable
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Connector Frequently Asked Questions - 7-pin Socapex
wiring, 19th pin of a Socapex, standard wiring of 6-circuit
cables using Socapex, wiring of 12 circuit cables
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Connector Pinouts - stage lighting equipment pinouts for
XLR, DIN, D, Socapex, BICC, Bleecon and Cinch Jones
connectors
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Connector Wiring Details - There is, unfortunately, no
single standard use for any connector within the
entertainments industries - or if there is, there is
generally no universally agreed way of wiring the pins. Here
are few common pinouts.
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Current carrying capacities of Multicables - Ampacity of
Listed Extra-Hard Usage Cords and Cables with Temperature
Ratings of 75�C (167�F) and 90� (194�F)* From 1999
NEC Table 520-44
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Dimmers, Watts and Fuses - This is important information
to understand because the electrical supply into the
building is limited, as is the power capability of the
dimmers.
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Enlightenment Reference - Connector wiring details,
cable wiring standards, IP ratings, electricity at work and
electrical safety for entertainers.
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How to wire a Socapex SL61 419AR ? - Socapex SL61 419AR
pin out (19 pin) recommendation from the connector
manufacturer
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HSE Guidance Notes: Electrical Safety for Entertainers -
If you are an entertainer (or work within an entertainment
venue) who uses electrical equipment for sound, lighting or
other effects, the information on this page is for you. As
well as guidance for your safety there are some notes at the
end about the law.
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Lectriflex (16 pin Harting)
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LEX 19 Pin Socapex� Compatible Connectors
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Light cables - cable wirings for Bulgin, Wieland/Harting
and XLR connectors
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Lighting Instrument Parts: Plugs and Pig Tails - This
document describes stage pin, twist lock and parallel brade
plugs.
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Mains Multipole Connectors - Bulgin, Lectriflex/Harting
and Socapex connectors described
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Portable Appliance Testing (PAT) - Electricity at Work
Regulations - It is a legal requirement under The
Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 (EAW) that all portable
electrical equipment must be regularly inspected and tested
to ensure it is safe for use. This covers all electrical
equipment used for performance, including permanently
installed equipment and the electrical installation itself.
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Power play: Considerations for feeding permanent
dimmer-per-circuit systems in theatres and similar locations
- It's unfortunate, but the sizing of feeders,
transformers, and related switchgear for a permanent
dimmer-per-circuit system is an area where confusion and
misinformation are too often the norm.
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Socapex - pictures of Socapex and cam-lok connectors,
the most common connectors used in the entertainment
industry today
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Socapex 19 pin pinout
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Stage Lighting Math - useful math to lighting designers
and electricians, includes useful spreasheets for
calculations
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Stagetec sound and lighting popular connector pin out
details - These pages provide detailed information about
the various connectors used in light/sound industry and the
pin connections. This includes lighting control, lighting
mains and multipair audio connectors.
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Technical Data: Common Connectors found in theatres around
Harvard -
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TMB Frequently Asked Questions - contains information on
wire ampere ratings and connector wiring
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WPI Technical Theatre Handbook: Power
Stage lighting design
information
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A guide to lighting the school show
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Color Filter Equivalency Chart - list comparing Lux,
Lene, Lee, GAM, Cinegel, Getran, and Cinecolor
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Degree to S/T Ratio Table - if you want to precisely how
large an area of the stage you will be lighting with an
instrument you need trigonometric calculations or this table
and simpler calculations
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Effective Lighting Design A to Z
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Ein Vergleich verschiedener Scheinwerfer - information
about different lamp types with good pictures but text in
German, you can use
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Find That Color - color filter color codes listed for
Roscolux, Lee and Gam, includes conversion charts
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Keystoning Correction
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Lanterns - dimensions, weights and power ratings for
some common lamp types
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Laser Effects Links Page
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Pattern Equivalency Chart - subjective list comparing
GAM and Rosco
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Selecon Pacific cool light - information on theatre
light which puts out cooler light beam than normal lights
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Setting up a light show - some advice about how to set
up Abstract effects to get that impressive light show
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Some Advice on Stage Lighting - article from TABS,
September 1966 which described on 1947 booklet
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Stage Lighting Design 101 - complete overview of art and
science of stage and entertainment lighting
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Stage Lighting Fixtures
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Stage Lighting Math from Lighting & Electronics, Inc. -
collection of math formulas that can prove useful to
lighting designers and electricians
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Stage Lighting Tech Pages - lots of information
necessary for light designer
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The International Theatre Design Archive - schene
designs, costume designs and lighting designs
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The Lighting Shootout - A comparison of your automated
lighting choices.
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The Strand Lantern Index - beam angles, lamp power and
many other details of many lighting instruments
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Virtual Lighting Design Lab - an experiment in using the
web to facilitate the visualization of a lighting design for
the stage
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WPI Technical Theatre Handbook: Light Mixing
Light shows information
Lighting tips
Rigging
Foggers and smoke machines
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Special Effects - There are a wide range of special
effects available. This document covers basics of smoke
machines, haze machines, dry ice machines, pyrotechnics and
ultra-violet (UV) light.
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General Information about Liquid Nitrogen and effects made
with it (LN2FAQ)
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Make Your Own Smoke Machine - simple dry ice fogger
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Make Your Own Smoke Fluid - This document tells how smoke
machines work and what the smoke fluid is made of. Most smoke
machine manufacturers present their fluids as top secret
formulas that are specific to their particular machine and
other fluids should not be used. In reality most commercial
fluids use triethylene glycol mixed with water, and are
generally interchangeable. To elaborate, smoke fluid is a
mixture of between 10 to 75% glycol to water depending on how
dense the fog is desired. For any professional or public use
buy commercial fluid since it avoids the potential
complications. Don't attempt to make glycerine based fog fluid
for commercial applications.
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Smoke & dry ice machines - There are several types of
smoke effect available, each of which will produce a slightly
different result. Smoke is particularly effective at bringing
the beams produced from moving lights and lasers to life, and
has become an essential part of some lighting displays.
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WPI Technical Theatre Handbook: Smoke and Fog
Discussion forums for lighting
designers
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Discussion about intelligent lighting
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Lighting network discussion at Delphi - free to login
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LiteSite - Light Jockey discussion forum and mailing list
home site
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rec.arts.theatre.stagecraft newsgroup - discussion on
theatrical lighting
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Show-Control Talklist - The show-control mailing list is
for the discussion of all aspects of show control, including
(but not limited to) design, construction, operation and
maintenance of computers, lighting, rigging, networks, sound
and special effects, as well as projection, video control,
stage management, electronic design, and show production as it
specifically relates to show control. Subscribers include
theatre and show professionals and vendors, teachers and
students, community theatre volunteers and others who are
interested in the subject.
Black Light
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Black Light Basics - The many styles and sizes of black
lights that are available often make people confused.
Hopefully the text on these pages, which was compiled from a
number of sources, will answer many of the most common
questions regarding Black Light.
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Blacklight LEDs!
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Fluorescent Blacklights - There are fluorescent tubes that
emit UV. The phosphor coating on the inner surface of the tube
absorbs the UVC emitted by the low pressure mercury arc, and
emits longer UV wavelengths. There are at least six different
UV-emitting phosphors used in fluorescent lamps. One common
lamp is the ""BLB" fluorescent lamp. The tubing is made from a
very deep violet-blue glass known as "Wood's glass". The "BLB"
lamps are used for special effects due to their ability to
make fluorescent objects glow very brightly.
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Hacking a Fluorescent Style Blacklight Tube into a Blacklight
Filter for Use with Other Light Sources
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How Black Lights Work - The conventional black light
design is just a fluorescent lamp with a couple of important
modifications. A tube black light is a basically a fluorescent
lamp with a different sort of phosphor coating. This coating
absorbs harmful shortwave UV-B and UV-C light and emits UV-A
light. UVA light has wavelength of 320-400 nanometers
(typically around 360 nanometers). Typically about 2% of the
total input power of fluorescent black light lamps can be
emitted in the visible 380 - 760 nm band.
Fiber optic lighting
Build your own lights
Photographing stage lighting
Link pages
Fun
Intercom system used by show people
Unsorted links
Special place lighting
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Museum And Gallery Lighting - Lighting for Museums and Art
Galleries has a unique set of priorities, those of
conservation and effective display. In many ways these two
requirements conflict as there is a necessity to restrain
lighting levels to promote the former whilst the latter
requires sufficient light of a high quality to provide optimum
viewing conditions.
Art of lighting
Misc
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