Battery Power Supply ( 72 ) :

• General battery information
   
• 10 things to know about batteries - mostly about video camera batteries   
• All About Lead-Acid Batteries: Starting Batteries and Deep-Cycle Batteries   
• Batteries & Chargers Answers from Radio Shack   
• Battery Backup Applications Handbook   
• Battery Council International   
• Battery Life Information - Comparison charts for the various batteries available.
• Car Battery and Deep Cycle Battery FAQ - This web site contains the free consumer information about car and deep cycle storage batteries.   
• Car and Deep Cycle lead-acid batteries - Car and Deep Cycle lead-acid battery answers to Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs), tips, information, references and hyperlinks are contained on this consumer oriented Web site about car, motorcycle, truck, marine, recreational vehicle starting and deep cycle applications.   
• How a Battery Works - This article describes the workings of lead-acid battery.   
• How Batteries Work - In this edition of HowStuffWorks, you'll learn all about batteries -- from the basic concept at work to the actual chemistry going on inside a battery to what the future holds for batteries and possible power sources that could replace them!   
• Making Batteries Last - This document gives tips how to make your batteries to last longer.   
• New Technology Batteries Guide: Available Battery Types - Batteries are often classified by the type of electrolyte used in their construction. There are three common classifications; acid, mildly acid, and alkaline.   
• Proper handling helps make the most of Li-ion batteries - Li-ion batteries pack the most power per unit volume, but excessive charging or discharging can damage or destroy the battery and its surroundings, carefully designed circuits help you avoid such dire outcomes
• Sizing Up The Benefits Of Integrated Battery Electronics   
• Smart-battery technology: power management's missing link - you no longer need to view a battery as a power-generating element whose characteristics are beyond your knowledge and controla   
• PSpice models nickel-metal-hydride cells - nickel-metal-hydride (NiMH) battery model accurately predicts the discharge characteristics of an NiMH cell (or groups of cells)   
• Sealed Lead Acid Battery Size Chart - Most manufacturers have similar battery sizes. This chart was created to be a quick reference to the most common ones. Not every manufacturer makes every size.   
• Standard Cylindrical Battery Sizes   
• Testing batteries: The more things change, the more they stay the same - Despite new chemistries, improved manufacturing methods, "smart"-battery technologies, and a host of Information Age uses, batteries for consumer applications continue to rely heavily on functional testing for characterization and evaluation.   
• The Great Battery Shootout! - which batteries are best, many NiMH batteries tested   
• The Video Battery Handbook - guide to the care and feeding of video batteries   
• Typical voltage Tolerances for Dry Cell Batteries   
• What is the perfect battery? - We often get puzzled by announcements of new batteries that are said to offer very high energy densities, deliver 1000 charge/discharge cycle and are paper-thin. Are they real? Perhaps - but not in one and the same battery.   
   

• General charging circuits

• 6 volt lead acid battery chargerkit - lead acid charger that uses the uc3906 chip   
• Build A Smart Battery Charger Using A Single-Transistor Circuit - This automatic battery-charger design is created with a circuit that could qualify as the simplest window comparator ever built around a single transistor. It starts charging when the battery voltage drops beyond a preset value, and it stops when an upper preset voltage is attained. This circuit is designed for 12V battery.   
• Charger delivers 2.5A with 96% efficiency   
• Constant Current Battery Charger   
• Optimizing high-frequency battery-charger performance for worldwide applications - providing power for electric vehicles for worldwide use requires knowledge of energy-conserving and high-efficiency technologies   
• Remote charging circuit uses three-wire sensing - remote voltage sensing usually uses a four-wire sensing system, this system works with three wires   
• Sealed Lead-Acid Battery Charger Circuit - A very effective and simple sealed lead acid battery charger   
• Shunt battery charger provides 1A continuous current - a shunt method is preferable than series regulation in solar-powered systems   
• Solar Panel Charge Controller / Low Voltage Disconnect Circuit - Lead acid charger, with battery voltage monitor, power comes from solar panels   
• Solar charger for lead-acid batteries - Solar lead acid charger, with battery voltage monitor, for 12V battery   
• Step-up/step-down current source charges batteries   
• Trickle Charger - Explains what trickle charging is, contains some basic trickle charging circuits.    Rate this link
• VK3EM Sealed Lead Acid Battery Charger MK II - A high-tech lead acid charger, uses the uc3906 chip   
   

• Battery chargers for NiCd batteries

• Battery charger indicates rate of charge - a single LED indicates whether the battery charger s delivering a trickle charge or a fast charge, cricuit designed to charge 2-14 cells
• Constant Current Nicad Charger - The schematic for this charger is pretty simple. You can charge from 1 to 20 +/- nicads at a constant current of from 20 to 200 ma +/-.   
• Make Your Own Simple Rx/Tx Battery Charger with Peak Detect - This circuit is designed to peak charge Rx and Tx batteries. It's programmed for a C/2 charge rate for 250mAh and 500mAh batteries (charge currents of 125mA or 250mA). It'll charge Rx from 12V at the field, Tx from a 15V supply (like a car w/engine running). Use a 15-18V supply to charge at home (you should be able to find wall cubes with this rating). It is based on a Maxim IC, the MAX713.   
• Nicad Battery Charger - uses a single transistor as a constant current source   
• NiCd or NiMh battery charger - This charger can be used for AAA, AA and Baby C batteries. This battery charger is based on MAX712/MAX713.   
• NICD / NIMH charger based on MAX 713 / MAX 712   
• Temperature Controlled NICD Charger - This circuit prevent battery overcharging and electrolyte loss by stopping charging when the cells warm up.   
   

• Li-ion battery chargers

• Add current boost to a USB charger - This battery charger delivers 100 or 500 mA (selectable) to a single lithium cell when USB power is connected and charges at 1100 mA when ac power is present.   
• Charge Li-ion batteries from ac line voltage - converts energy from 120V ac to a regulated voltage or current as necessary to charge two Li-ion cells in series   
• Supply derives 5 and 3.3V from USB port - This circuit derives its power from a USB port and produces 5 and 3.3V supply rails for portable devices, such as digital cameras, MP3 players, and PDAs. The circuit allows the port to maintain communications while, for example, charging a lithium-ion battery. IC2 boosts the battery voltage, VBATT, to 5V, and IC3 buck-regulates that 5V output down to 3.3V.   
   

• Lead-acid battery cargers

• Lead-acid charger signals end of charge - lead-acid battery charger that works with either gel- or wet-cell, lead-acid, 12V batteries   
• Sealed Lead-Acid Battery Charger Circuit   
• Sealed Lead Acid Battery Charger Design Documentation - based on the UniTrode UC3906 Integrated Circuit   
• VK3EM Sealed Lead Acid Battery Charger Mk II   
   

• Combined power supplies and battery chargers

• Buck-converter charger also provides system power - switching regulator provides the charge-voltage setpoint with current regulation, and second switching regulator provides 5V system power   
   

• Battery discharging circuits

• Battery Discharge Monitor - pdf file   
• Simple circuit safely deep-discharges NiCd battery   
   

• Battery backup circuits

• Battery-backup converter uses one NiCd cell - this dc/dc converter allows you to replace a five- or six-unit string of NiCd coin cells with one cell   
   

• Battery protection

• Battery-protection circuit allows surges - circuit monitors two lithium-ion batteries and protects both of them against overcharging, overdischarging, and undervoltage   
• Circuit prevents deep discharge of batteries - to avoid the deep discharge that can destroy or shorten the life of a rechargeable battery, you must disconnect its load before the discharge is complete   
• Circuit protects battery from overdischarge - In some applications, it is undesirable to overdischarge the battery, because it could irreversibly reduce the battery's capacity and the number of discharge/charge cycles. This circuit protects a single NiMH (nickel-metal-hydride) cell by disconnecting the load from the battery when it getting discharged enough.   
• Overload and reverse-current circuitry protects battery and load - there are numerous circuits can protect against backward installation of batteries and other overcurrent-causing conditions   
   

• Battery status sensors

• Digital/Analog Hybrid Circuit Calculates Battery Life   
• LED flasher indicates low-battery condition   
• Phantom power battery test circuit - LED will light when battery is over 42 volts   
• Simple circuit monitors battery voltage - monitors four NiCd rechargeable batteries and causes the LED to flash if the voltage of the batteries goes lower than 4V   
• Test batteries without a voltmeter - This circuit an easy approach to testing batteries without exiting the voltmeter. The battery holders in sizes AAA, AA, C, and D make this tester so much faster than a voltmeter.   
   

• Normal battery chargers

• Alkaline Charger - This circuit was specifically designed to recharge alkaline cells. It will take around 1 day for a discharged AA cell or 9V battery and up to several days for a large D type cell to carge.   
   

• Other battery circuits

• Battery desulfator for lead-acid batteries - based on ome Power magazine article    Rate this link
   

• Portable equipment power

1. An Almost-Ideal Low-Battery Cut-Off Circuit Draws Only 1.2 �A - this power-control circuit consumes no power when off, and no voltage drop occurs when the power is on   
2. Choosing a power supply, automatically - Smart power switches provide a way for low-power devices to intelligently switch between power supplies and save power at the same time.   
3. Circuit trade-offs minimize noise in battery-input power supplies - analyzing noise from the perspective of portable-system design will help you make appropriate power-supply design trade-offs   
4. Dynamic voltage scaling conserves portable power - With portable applications on the rise, designers are turning to dynamic power-conservation techniques to delay the inevitable dead battery.   
5. Energy Management for Small Portable Systems - Numerous diverse and conflicting constraints burden the designer of small hand-held products   
6. Live long and prosper: juggling performance and battery life in handheld systems - Look beyond data sheets and examine your hardware design and software environment to ensure optimal performance and power consumption.   
7. Mobile phones put the squeeze on battery power - powering mobile phones from fewer cells focuses attention on every aspect of battery discharge   
8. Portable systems demand vigilant overcurrent protection - modern portable systems require protection from an arsenal of potential overcurrent problems   
9. Power down for portables - A big battery can mean small market share. Reducing power consumption in your portable digital device is the "green" thing to do, as in money.   
10. Pushbutton switch controls power supply and �C - switching handheld units on and off with a pushbutton switch is a desirable feature but needs some thinking   
11. Remote control turns battery on and off - circuit acts like a latching solid-state relay   
12. Simple regulator monitors its input voltage - portable systems usually monitor their battery input to obtain an early warning of a loss of battery voltage   

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